Conservation agriculture (CA) was used interchangeably with terms like conservation tillage, no tillage, zero tillage (ZT), direct drilling etc. ZT has been the function of weed management, not just in wheat but in rice too. ZT in India was at the dead end in the early 1990s. Until the evolution of herbicide resistance (HR) in Phalaris minor. By now ZT machines are recognised not only as a commercial venture but also attracts major technological step towards intensification of agriculture. With the availability of the “Happy Seeder”– a ZT machine that can plant rice and wheat in high-residue conditions – has made it possible to retain the residues on the soil surface, thereby providing an alternative to residue burning.  It has been reported that ZT in combination with residue mulch reduced the weed problem over time in ZT wheat than CT wheat. In direct-seeded rice (DSR), no single method can provide effective and sustainable weed management solutions. Therefore, combining cultural methods in tandem with judicious use of modern herbicides is crucial. For successful weed control in DSR,  pre-emergence (pendimethaline or oxadiargyl or pretilachlor with safner) followed by post-emergence (bispyribac or bispyribac based tank mixture including bispyribac + pyrazosulfuron/azimsulfuron/2,4-D/halosulfuron or fenoxaprop with saftner or fenoxaprop based tank mixture including fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron) herbicide application has provided effective weed control in DSR.