Agronomic management, Finger millet, Herbicides, Integrated weed management
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (finger millet) is one of the most nutritious and major staple food in some states of India. Finger millet is cultivated by using broadcast seeding, row (drill) seeding, and transplanting. In this review, the weeds associated with finger millet in different parts of India are listed, information on reported weed management options in finger millet is synthesized and future weed management research needs are enumerated. Weeds smother the finger millet resulting in significant reduction in the yield by 5 to 70%. The critical period for weed competition in finger millet is the first 4-6 weeks from planting/seeding. Physical/mechanical methods such as hand weeding at 20 and 30 days after planting (DAP) or passing wheal hoe twice with one manual weeding were found to be equally effective. In majority of the studies, inter-cropping was found helpful in reducing weed population substantially. Pre-emergence application of bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor, butachlor, isoproturon and post-emergence application of 2,4-D, chlorimuron-ethyl either alone or in combination with other methods were found effective in managing weeds in finger millet. Future research needs are: continuous monitoring of weeds and their shifts, understanding weed ecology and biology, developing improved mechanical tools and weed competitive cultivars along with location specific cost-effective and eco-friendly weed management strategies.