Button weed, pot experiment, temperature, ponding, summer season
Malva neglecta is a winter season weed and its seeds can germinate in Petri dish at a temperature range of 10-30°C but maximum seed germination was observed at 20°C in case of fresh, one season old and two seasons old seeds under scarified and unscarified seed conditions. Two seasons old weed seeds showed higher germination percentage as compared to one season old seeds followed by fresh seeds. Unscarified seeds showed significantly lower germination in comparison to scarified seeds at all temperatures in fresh, one season and two seasons old weed seeds. In pot experiment, weed seedlings emergence, height of weed plants, number of branches produced per plant and dry matter accumulation by weed showed an increasing trend with increase in ponding duration during preceding summer season. Least weed emergence and growth of weed was recorded in pots kept dry throughout the summer season and maximum weed emergence and growth was observed where ponding of water during summer months remained for four weeks followed by continuous moist throughout the season